Analysis of the Effective Scatters for Hyperloop Wireless Communications Using the Geometry-Based Model

A novel 3-dimensional (3D) non-stationary geometry-based deterministic model (GBDM) is proposed in this paper to analyze the effective scatters for the Hyperloop train-to-ground wireless communication. Different from the stochastic models, the channel gain of each propagation path is derived based on the Lambertian scattering pattern from the aspect of physical scattering mechanism. Besides, the channel gain can be obtained by superposing the line-of-sight (LOS) and single-bounced components. Then, we aim at capturing small-scale fading channel characteristics, mainly involving the effective scattering areas together with the arrival angular distribution. The simulation results show that the channel modeling computational complexity can be reduced greatly by using the effective scatters. Besides, the Von Mises distribution and Gaussian distribution are proved to characterize azimuth and elevation angular distribution with good fitting results, respectively. Our works provide some insights into the research on the Hyperloop train-to-ground wireless channel modeling and characterization.