Status of electrical actuator applications

An ever increasing number of actuation functions historically performed by hydraulics or pneumatics are being accomplished by electric actuation. If "end to end" systems are considered, electric actuators (EAs) are potentially lighter and more efficient. In general, system redundancies may be more easily implemented and operationally monitored. Typically, electrical components exhibit longer mean times to failure and projected lifetime costs of EAs are potentially much lower than those of other options. EAs have certain characteristics which must be considered in their application. The actual mechanical loadings must be established, for the more easily controlled EA may be operated much closer to its full capabilities. At higher rates of motion, EAs are operating as constant power devices. Therefore, it may be possible to start a movement that can not be stopped. The incorporation of high power electronics into remote locations introduces new concerns of EMI and thermal control. It is the management of these and other characteristics that forms the engineering design challenges. Work is currently in progress on EAs for aircraft and expendable launch vehicles. These applications span from ten to 40+ horsepower. The systematics and status of these actuators is reported along with technical trends in this area.