Expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted Pongamia seedcake as a protein supplement for cattle consuming a basal diet of forage

Abstract Three studies were conducted evaluating expeller-pressed (EKC) or solvent-extracted (SKC) Pongamia seedcake (PSC) as protein supplements for beef cattle. To determine palatability, EKC or SKC were mixed with wheat middlings (WM) at 200, 400, or 600 g/kg, and offered to seven steers in a 7 × 7 Latin square. Solvent-extracted PSC was more palatable than EKC, and could be included at up to 400 g/kg of supplement without negatively affecting consumption; EKC could be included at 200 g/kg without significantly decreasing extent or rate of consumption compared to control. However, inclusion of both EKC and SKC resulted in linear (P  0.05) between 200EKC (4.71 kg/d) or 400SKC (4.88 kg/d), but both were less (P