Effect of Protective Cultivation Patterns of Rice in Cold Areas on Soil Physiological and Biochemical Status

[Objective]The research discuss on how to use the soil reasonably,prevent the degradation of soil fertility,maintain the land capability,improve the ecological environment of paddy field and improve the soil productivity of paddy field from the cultivation aspect.[Method]Taking Kenjiandao 10 as materials,the change laws of root weight,soil physical and chemical characteristics,soil enzyme,straw decomposion rate,soil temperature,microorganism of rice under the planting patterns of water-saving protective cultivation and conventional cultivation were studied.[Result]Soil physical and chemical characteristics of rice under water-saving protective cultivation pattern were improved obviously.The root weights had absolute advantages in rotary tillage section.Water-saving protective cultivation pattern could decrease soil bulk density,improve soil porosity,enhance soil quick-acting nutrients.The activities of catalase,acid phosphatase,urease under water-saving protective cultivation pattern were 5.39%,14.52%,8.33% higher than conventional tillage.But the activity of sucrase was 32.82% lower than conventional tillage.The crude straw decomposion rate in surface layer,whole tillage layer,deep layer were 11.71%、4.96%和9.10%.higher than conventional tillage.The total number of bacteria greatly increased,and soil temperature obviously improved.[Conclusion]The water-saving cultivation pattern of rice can establish a good foundation for agricultural ecological development in Heilongjiang.