Agro-morphological diversity of traditional fig cultivars grown in central-western Spain
2016
There are not many exhaustive works addressing the agromorphological
characterization of traditional fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars in Spain. In
order to analyze the diversity of these fig genetic resources, twelve
traditional fig cultivars from the Central-Western Region of Spain were
surveyed and characterized agromorphologically. A total of forty descriptors,
mainly defined by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute and the
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, were used
to describe the fruits, leaves and the tree itself over two consecutive years
(2013-2014). Some of the cultivars showed distinctive and interesting
agronomical characters from a commercial point of view, such as two crops per
year (breba and fig), high yields, and fruit quality. This was the case of
the fig cultivar widely distributed through the Duero river valley called
‘Cuarteron’. Its fruits were quite heavy and sweet (breba: 93.75 g and 25.91o
Brix; fig: 42.41 g and 31.50o Brix), easy to peel, and juicy. Principal
component analysis revealed that more than 67% of the agromorphological
variability observed was explained by the first three components, some of the
breba size parameters (fruit and neck length and fruit width) being the most
important factors in differentiating the genotypes. A dendrogram clustered
the cultivars into two major groups (unifera and bifera type) and revealed
existing synonymies and homonymies. ‘Carballar Negra’ and ‘Moscatel’ were the
only fig cultivars which did not have breba crops. This work is an important
step in the conservation of genetic fig resources in Spain.
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