The relationship between PLOD1 expression level and glioma prognosis investigated using public databases

Background Glioma is the most common type of intracranial tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis despite the use of various aggressive treatments. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are not effective and new biomarkers need to be explored. Some Procollagen-lysine 2-oxyglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family members have been found to be involved in the metastasis and progression of tumors. Both PLOD2 and PLOD3 had been reported to be highly expressed in gliomas, while the prognostic value of PLOD1 remains to be further illustrated, so we want to investigate the PLOD1 expression in glioma and its clinical implication. Methods We collected gene expression and corresponding clinical data of glioma from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, we analyzed the expression and mutation of PLOD1 in gliomas and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics. Then, we conducted survival analysis, prognostic analysis and nomogram construction of the PLOD1 gene. Finally, we conducted gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore possible mechanisms and gene co-expression analysis was also be performed. Results The results showed that the expression level of PLOD1 was higher in gliomas than normal tissues, and high expression of PLOD1 was related to poor survival which can serve as an oncogenic factor and an independent prognostic indicator for glioma patients. Both the GO and GSEA analysis showed high expression of PLOD1 were enriched in Extracellular matrix (ECM) related pathways, the co-expression analysis revealed that PLOD1 was positively related to HSPG2, COL6A2, COL4A2, FN1, COL1A1, COL4A1, CD44, COL3A1, COL1A2 and SPP1, and high expression of these genes were also correlated to poor prognosis of glioma. Conclusions The results showed that high expression of PLOD1 leads to poor prognosis, and PLOD1 is an independent prognostic factor and a novel biomarker for the treatment of glioma. Furthermore, targeting PLOD1 is most likely a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma patients.