The Missing Metal Problem in Galaxy Clusters: Characterizing the Early Enrichment Population.

Rich and poor galaxy clusters have the same measured halo metallicity, 0.35-0.4 $Z_\odot$, despite being an order of magnitude apart in stellar fraction, $M_*/M_{gas}$. The measured ICM metallicity in rich clusters cannot be explained by the visible stellar population as stars make up only 5% of the total gas mass. The independence of metallicity from $M_*/M_{gas}$ suggests an external and universal source of metals such as an Early Enrichment Population (EEP). Galaxy cluster RX J1416.4+2315 has the lowest stellar fraction known, $M_*/M_{gas}=0.015\pm0.003$, and here we improve the halo metallicity determination using archival $\textit{Chandra}$ and $\textit{XMM Newton}$ observations. We determine the ICM metallicity of RXJ to be $0.336\pm0.058$ $Z_\odot$ within $0.3

Keywords:

• Astrophysics
• Supernova
• Type (model theory)
• Galaxy cluster
• Metallicity
• Population
• Physics
• Galaxy
• Stellar population
• Redshift

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