Trojan Prevention: Built-In Self-Authentication

The complexity and cost of IC fabrication significantly increases as the technology for integrated circuits (ICs) shrinks to very deep sub-micron levels. As companies increasingly outsource design and fabrication for economic reasons, it has become easier for adversaries to implant a Trojan by modifying the layout of a circuit during GDSII development and fabrication. A circuit’s unused spaces provide great opportunities for Trojan insertion.