Wheat canopy temperature: A practical tool for evaluating water requirements

Canopy temperatures were measured on durum wheat grown in six differentially irrigated plots. Soil water content was measured by using a neutron-scattering technique at two locations within each plot. Water contents, in 20-cm increments to 160 cm, were determined two to five times per week. Using a sliding cubic smoothing technique, we calculated daily water contents and thus water depletion rates for the entire growing season. Canopy temperatures were measured daily between 1330 and 1400 hours. Air temperatures measured at 150 cm above the soil surface were subtracted from the canopy temperatures to form the difference Tc – Ta. The summation of Tc – Ta over time yielded a factor termed the ‘stress degree day’ (SDD). The SDD concept shows promise as an indicator for determining the times and amounts of irrigations. An expression relating evapotranspiration (ET) to net radiation and Tc – Ta was simplified and tested by using ET measurements with a lysimeter. The expression was used to predict water use by wheat in the six plots. Predicted ET and measured water used agreed reasonably well. The expression may be useful in determining amounts of irrigation water to apply.