Conversion of Waste Cheap Petroleum Paraffinic Wax By-Products to Expensive Valuable Multiple Carbon Nanomaterials

The low atomic number of carbons, combined with the half-full shell of valence electrons and medium electronegativity, provide an important basis for strong covalent bonding to other carbon atoms and other elements. Moreover, this supports the wide differences of carbon-containing natural atoms, counting the atoms of life. Recent breakthroughs in carbon-based nanomaterials’ science and technology use paraffinic waxes as a carbon source where it consists of not less than 18 carbon number per single paraffin crystal. Paraffinic waxes are considered a cheap by-product in the petroleum refinery, which is considered a source for nanocarbon synthesis, whether it is activated nanocarbon or carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon fibers. This chapter describes the separation of paraffinic petroleum wax, its purification, and characterization, besides that, the synthesis of nanocarbon and its evaluation.