JOET: Sustainable Vehicle-assisted Edge Computing for IoT devices

Network-accessible task offloading is for low latency; offline task offloading is for low cost. Offline devices cannot directly access service nodes due to lack of resources. Accordingly, the latter involves more steps and optimization variables such as: where to offload tasks, how to allocate computation resources, how to adjust offloading ratio and transmit power, and such optimization variables and hybrid combination features are highly coupled with each other. In this paper, we first formulate a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Problem (MINLP) for such task offloading under energy and delay constraints. Furthermore, we decompose it into two subproblems so as to efficiently solve the formulated MINLP, and design a low-cost and low-complexity Joint Optimization for Energy Consumption and Task Processing Delay (JOET) algorithm to optimize selection decisions, resource allocation, offloading ratio and transmit power adjustment. We carry out extensive simulation experiments to validate JOET. Simulation results demonstrate that JOET outperforms many representative existing schemes in quickly converge and effective reduction of energy consumption and delay. Specifically, the average energy consumption and the average delay have been reduced by 15.93% and 13.70%, respectively, and the load balancing efficiency has increased by 10.20%.