ESP Spoofing: Covert Acoustic Attack on MEMS Gyroscopes in Vehicles

Electronic Stability Program (ESP) is widely used in modern vehicles. Its safety and stability largely depend on the strength and reliability of the MEMS gyroscope. However, the tight coupling between this sensor and the environment brings significant safety hazards to the vehicle. In this study, we describe the physical vulnerability of gyroscopes to high-frequency acoustics and introduce methods for finding resonant frequencies. We devised two methods to inject the attack signal into audio files to make the acoustic attack more stealthy. The realized attack is non-intrusive and does not require tampering with the ESP hardware device, making attack detection more difficult. We also consider a neural network-based defense strategy and verify its effectiveness. The construction of the vehicle simulation system and the above experiments are completed in the co-simulation environment of Carsim and Simulink.