Cloud, Atmospheric Radiation and Renewal Energy Application (CARE) Version 1.0 Cloud Top Property Product From Himawari-8/AHI: Algorithm Development and Preliminary Validation

Investigations of the effects of clouds on Earth’s radiation budget demand accurate representations of cloud top parameters, which can be efficiently obtained by large-scale satellite remote sensing approaches. However, the insufficient utilization of multiband information is one of the major sources of uncertainty in cloud top products derived from geostationary satellites. In this study, we developed a new algorithm to estimate Cloud, Atmospheric Radiation and renewal Energy application (CARE) version 1.0 cloud top properties [cloud top height (CTH), cloud top pressure (CTP), and cloud top temperature (CTT)]. The algorithm is constructed from ten thermal spectral measurements in Himawari-8 observations by using the random forest (RF) method to comprehensively consider the contribution of each band to the cloud top parameters. We chose the highly accurate Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) products in 2018 as the true values. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the products can be fully reproduced by using multiple Himawari-8 channels with the addition of the digital elevation model (DEM) data. The validation results of the 2019 CALIOP data confirm that the new algorithm shows an effective performance, with correlation coefficients ( $R$ ) of 0.89, 0.89, and 0.90 for CTH, CTP, and CTT, respectively. Moreover, a significant improvement in the ice cloud estimation is achieved, in which the CTT $R$ value increased from 0.46 to 0.70, as well as an improvement in the sea area, where the CTT $R$ value increased from 0.71 to 0.84 compared with the Himawari-8 products of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) P-tree system. The further analyses performed here capture the diurnal cycle of cloud top parameters well in different temporal scales over the Asia–Pacific region.