A Geometry-Discrete Minimum Reflectance Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (GeoMRA) for Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Over Heterogeneous Surfaces

High-frequency aerosol observation from a new-generation geostationary meteorological satellite is capable to capture and monitor the spatiotemporal dynamic variation of aerosols, which is of vital significance to environmental research and climate studies. Due to the diversity and complexity of land cover, it is a challenge to retrieve aerosol properties with high accuracy over land, especially over heterogeneous land surfaces. In this study, a geometry-discrete minimum reflectance aerosol retrieval algorithm (GeoMRA) has been proposed to retrieve 10-min high temporal resolution aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets for geostationary Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) sensor, aiming at providing universal bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) descriptions for different land surfaces with different heterogeneous extent. The AOD retrievals from GeoMRA demonstrate good consistency against the ground-based AERONET measurements in East Asia from 2015 to 2020, with a correlation coefficient ( ${R}$ ) of 0.883 and approximately 65.6% of matchups falling within the expected error envelope of ±(0.05% +15%). Intercomparison between the GeoMRA retrieved AOD and other operational AOD products shows that the GeoMRA AOD retrievals, which generally possess similar spatial distribution and accuracy as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD products, have better performances than the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) AOD products by providing more accurate AOD retrievals with higher spatial coverage. Moreover, the AOD bias analyses further demonstrate the robustness of GeoMRA algorithm, and an extreme haze event shows that the continuous GeoMRA AOD images illustrate smoother temporal variations than JAXA AOD products, demonstrating its efficacy and reliability in capturing the process of haze transport and monitoring the continuous spatiotemporal variation of aerosol. The above results suggest the considerable accuracy of GeoMRA algorithm for scientific application requirement and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed BRDF scheme in describing heterogeneous surfaces with diverse reflectance distribution.