Peculiarities of autonomic nerve regulation of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium in cows receiving feed additive “Germatsink”

Autonomic nervous system plays a leading role in the processes of adaptation of the organism to changing environmental conditions. The sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism’s resources in response to stress factors, and the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system provides the current regulation of physiological processes. Correction of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content in cows with the feed additive “Germatsink” in animals with different tone of autonomic nervous system is extremely relevant for the science and practice of veterinary medicine. The goal of the study was to investigate the efficiency of homeostasis of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium macronutrients correction in the cows’ organism depending on autonomic nervous system using the feed additive “Germatsink”. The study was carried out on cows on Ukrainian black-and-white breed cows of the 2-3 lactations. The tone of the autonomic nervous system of cows was determined using a trigeminovagal test. According to the results obtained, animals were determined as normo-, sympathico- or vagotonics. The cows of the experimental group received the feed additive “Germatsink” at a dose of 10 ml/day within ten days. The diet and milking regimen were not changed. Animals in the control group did not receive the feed additive. Blood samples obtained from the jugular vein of cows before feed additive application and in 10, 30 and 45 days after were used as the research material. Content of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were determined in whole blood, blood cells and serum. Calcium content in sympathicotonic cow’s blood cells was significantly lower by 6.0% (p <0.05) and ionized calcium content in serum was higher by 4.7% (p <0.05) than in normotonic ones. After the feed additive “Germatsink” application in cows with different tone of the autonomic nervous system there was only a tendency to increase of its content in the serum (by 3.0-5.0%). However, if in the blood cells of normo- and vagotonic cows the content of this macronutrient decreased (by 4.5-5.8%), then in the sympathicotonic ones increased. Therefore, the content of calcium in the blood cells and ionized calcium in the serum of sympathicotonic cows ceased to be significantly different from that in normotonic cows within 10 days after the beginning of the studies. After the feed additive “Germatsink” application the content of total phosphorus in the blood of cows with different tone of the autonomic nervous system did not change significantly. Whereas the content of inorganic phosphorus in the serum slightly increased (within the tendency of 2-9% depending on the tone of the autonomic nervous system of cows). It should be noted that in 10 days after the beginning of the studies, the content of inorganic phosphorus in the serum of sympathicotonic cows ceased to be significantly different from that of normotonic ones. The content of phosphorus in blood cells and inorganic phosphorus in the serum of sympathicotonic cows was significantly lower by 7.5% (p <0.05) and 7.8% (p <0.01), respectively, than in the normotonic ones. Before the feed additive “Germatsink” application the ratio of total calcium to inorganic phosphorus in the blood of normo- and vagotonic cows was not different significantly. Whereas in sympathicotonic cows the value of this index was higher by 10.3% (p <0.05) than in cows with normal tone of the autonomic nervous system. It should be noted that in 10 days after the beginning of the study the ratio of total calcium to inorganic phosphorus in the blood of cows with a predominance of the tone of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system ceased to be significantly different from that in normotonic cows. The magnesium content in serum and blood cells of sympathicotonic cows was significantly lower by 16.7% (p <0.01) and 11.5% (p <0.01), respectively, against of normotonic ones. In 10 days after the application of feed additive, the magnesium content of the serum of the normotonic and vagotonic cows increased by 5.3–5.6%, respectively. Later, up to 30 days after the beginning of the study it increased more by 16.1–17.9% (p <0.05–0.001), but up to the 45th day it decreased by 4–11%. In contrast, the magnesium content in the serum of sympathicotonic cows from the 1 to 10 day and from the 10 to 30 day of the study increased by 8.2% (p <0.05) and 23.6% (p <0.001) respectively. Thus, within 10 days after the beginning of the study, the content of this metal in the serum of sympathicotonic cows did not differ significantly from that of normotonic ones. However, in 30 and 45 days these differences become significant. Thus, the magnesium content in the serum of sympathicotonic cows decreased by 10.5% (p <0.05) and 11.3% (p <0.05), respectively, from the index of animals with normal tone of autonomic nervous system. The content of magnesium in the blood cells of cows with different tone of the autonomic nervous system after the feed additive “Germatsink” application did not change significantly. It should be noted only that it increased from the 1st to the 10th and from the 10th to the 30th day of the study in the blood of sympathicotonic cows by 5.3 and 12.15%, respectively (p <0.01). As a result, in 10 and in 30 days after the beginning of the study, the content of this metal in the blood cells of sympathicotonic cows was not significantly different from that in animals with normal tone of autonomic nervous system. The ratio of mono- to divalent ions in blood cells before the feed additive “Germatsink” application also did not differ in cows with different vegetative status. However, in 10 days after the beginning of the study, the value of this index in vagotonic cows became significantly lower by 7.63% (p <0.01) than in normotonic ones. But, later it ceased to be significantly different from that of cows with normal tone of the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, revealed results show that feed additive “Germatsink” application to cows with different vegetative status has a corrective effect on the content of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.