Protective effects of icariin on dorsal random skin flap survival: An experimental study

Abstract This study was performed to examine the protective effects of icariin (ICA) on ischemic random skin flaps. A rat random-pattern skin flap model was established, and animals in the low-dose and high-dose experimental groups were administered ICA intraperitoneally at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, once daily for 7 days after the initial surgery. Control rats received vehicle according to the same schedule. Survival rates were observed and recorded using transparent graph paper, and flaps were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the flap tissue were assessed. The blood flow volume was determined by the laser Doppler method, and tissue expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β, and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) were scored immunohistochemically. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The main flap survival area was significantly larger in rats treated with ICA than in vehicle-treated controls. H&E staining showed an inhibitory effect of ICA on inflammation, especially at the high dose. In addition, ICA treatment was associated with decreases in the tissue MDA level, proinflammatory cytokine production, and the level of PDE5, but increases in SOD activity, blood flow volume, and the level of VEGF expression. The findings of the present study suggest that ICA is a potential therapeutic agent for random-pattern skin flap necrosis in the clinical setting.