Retrofitting ESP equipped MWCs to meet the 1995 emission guidelines using sensible heat exchanger cooling and dry reagent injection

Many municipal waste combustion (MWC) facilities are equipped with electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and have no acid gas controls. Latent heat of vaporization (water spray) temperature control combined with Trona (sodium based acid gas control reagent) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) injection met EPA`s December 19, 1995 Emissions Guidelines for small plants. A Follow-up study to demonstrate similar performance using sensible heat removal (heat exchangers) for enhanced energy recovery along with powdered hydrated lime and activated carbon injection at an ESP equipped MWC was conducted to provide maximum flexibility to facilities needing to come into compliance with these regulations.