Fabiana punensis S.C. Arroyo, F. bryoides Phil., F. densa Remy, F. patagonica Speg.

Fabiana Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae) is a South American genus, growing especially in arid mountainous areas. In Argentina, 10 species are present in the High Andean, Pre-Puna, Puna, and Monte biogeographical regions, in addition to Patagonia. In this chapter reference is made to four Fabiana species, F. punensis, F. patagonica, F. bryoides and F. densa. They are described as medicinal plants under the common names of “tola” or “tolilla”. Progress is reported regarding the scientific validation of medicinal properties, as well as the study of the chemical composition of these species. The potential as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotics agents from the hydroalcoholic or aqueous extracts from the aerial parts was described. Antioxidant and diuretic properties of infusions and essential oils was demonstrated. The safety of these preparations has also been demonstrated, although further in vivo studies would be necessary to fully demonstrate the safety of the extracts Presently, prolonged traditional use by local communities is still recognized to support their safe use. Studies are needed about the agronomic conditions for its cultivation so that these species could be used as raw material in phytotherapic and phytocosmetic preparations.