The Role of Biomass Gasification in the Future Flexible Power System – BECCS or CCU?

In this work we study if biomass gasification for production of advanced biofuels also can play a role in managing variability in the electricity system. The idea is a CCU/power-to-gas concept to enhance methane production from biomass gasification. The suggested process is flexible in that CO2 not used for methane production can be stored through a BECCS concept that implies negative GHG emissions. For this purpose, rigorous models of three different gasification process configurations were simplified through surrogate modeling and integrated into a dynamic optimization model of regional electricity systems. The results show the diverse advantages of flexible operation between CCU and BECCS and that it is economically beneficial for the system to invest in gasification at the investigated levels of CO2 charge. The gasification option also provides value for low-priced electricity and thus stimulate increased investments in renewable electricity generation, which indicates the importance of considering geographical diversities in the assessment and highlights the importance of studying this type of concept with a time-resolved model. It is clear that the BECCS option is the most used, however, the limited quantities of CO2 used for the CCU option has a large impact on the investments made in the electricity system.