A Hybrid Plasma Treatment of H13 Tool Steel by Combining Plasma Nitriding and Post-Oxidation

Pulsed plasma nitriding and post-oxidizing process have been applied to hot work H13 tool steel to enhance the tribological properties (friction coefficient and wear rate). Nitriding was accomplished under specific conditions to generate a free white layer surface in order to avoid an abrasive wear mechanism. Post-oxidizing treatment was carried out in the same reactor after finishing the nitriding treatment; processing time was varied for 30 and 60 min. The morphology, phase’s composition and wear performance of duplex-treated samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis and pin-on-ball wear technique. The results show that the duplex treatment produces a bilayer arrangement constituted by an 80 μm diffusion zone with expanded martensite as the main phase underneath a 2–4 μm hematite–magnetite-oxidized layer. The duplex treatment modified the main wear mechanism of the nitrided sample from abrasive to plastic yielding. The changes in wear mechanisms resulted in a noticeable decrease, about 40%, in friction coefficient for oxidized samples in comparison with the nitrided-only sample. It was also established that the lowest friction coefficient values can be obtained when hematite is the main phase in the oxidized layer.