Sleep and fatigue after TBI

BACKGROUND: Whilst post traumatic brain injury fatigue (PTBIF) and sleep disturbance are common sequelae following brain injury, underlying mechanisms, and the potential for targeted interventions remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To present a review of recent studies exploring the epidemiology of PTBIF and sleep disturbance, the relationship and neuropsychological correlates of these issues, potential approaches to intervention, and implications for neurorehabilitation. METHODS: A review of relevant literature was undertaken, with a focus on PTBIF relating to sleep disturbance, the neuropsychological correlates of these issues and implications for neurorehabilitation. This paper does not set out to provide a systematic review. RESULTS: Multidimensional approaches to assessment and treatment of sleep disturbance and PTBIF are required. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for more robust findings in determining the complex nature of relationships between PTBIF, sleep disturbance, and correlates. Longitudinal prospective data is required to increase our understanding of the nature and course of PTBIF and sleep disturbance post TBI. Large scale clinical trials are required in evaluating the potential benefits of interventions.