Effect of temperature on below-ground N-dynamics in a weedy model ecosystem at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels

Abstract Model multispecies terrestrial communities composed of four trophic levels (plants, herbivores, parasitoids, decomposers) were established in the Ecotron controlled environment facility. Two experimental runs enabled us to investigate the effects of enhanced temperature on below-ground microbial processes (N-mineralisation, urease, arginine deaminase, protease activity and potential denitrification) in both ambient and elevated (ambient +200 ppm) CO 2 atmospheres. The enzyme activities involved in nitrogen cycling showed weak responses to elevated temperature in both experimental runs. In the Ambient CO 2 Run, protease and arginine deaminase values tended to be lower in elevated temperature; on the other hand, N-mineralisation, urease and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) were higher. In the Elevated CO 2 Run, all microbial variables showed higher activities at elevated temperature, although only the results for DEA and arginine deaminase were statistically significant. The interaction between higher temperature and elevated CO 2 weakly affected root growth and tissue C:N ratio, limiting feedbacks into the microbial community. Besides temperature and CO 2 , substrate availability, water stress and successional development regulated the response of the soil microbes. The supply of organic carbon and nitrogen in the soil allowed plant growth and maintenance of the microbial population. Nitrogen competition between vegetation and microbes restricted net microbial growth. The increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at higher CO 2 and temperature levels significantly favoured DEA. The high water regime in the soil also favoured DEA and inhibited oxidation of organic compounds, as indicated by low levels of enzyme activity. Additionally, water stress decreased rooting density in the soil; this resulted in negative feedback into microbial processes. We conclude that water stress and soil nitrogen deficiency caused an early levelling-off of both microbial population growth and activity rates during the early part of the model ecosystem's development.