Antioxidant properties and neuroprotective effects of Esc-1GN through the regulation of MAPK and AKT signaling.

Abstract Aims This study aimed to explore the antioxidant properties and neuroprotective effects of Esc-1GN. Main methods FRAP assay and ABTS, DPPH, and NO radicals radical scavenging assays were performed to investigated the Antioxidant activities of Esc-1GN in vitro. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage model was used to determine the neuroprotective effects of Esc-1GN. Carrageenan-injected inflamed paw model was performed to analysis the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Esc-1GN in vivo. Key findings Esc-1GN scavenged the ABTS, DPPH, and NO radicals and reduced Fe3+ in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Esc-1GN exhibited neuroprotective activity by decreasing malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species accumulation, restoring endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, and inhibiting H2O2-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Esc-1GN significantly reversed the dysregulation of MAPK, AKT and NF-κB signaling caused by H2O2. In vivo, Esc-1GN decreased MDA, COX-2, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and Il-1β levels and increased SOD, CAT activity and GSH level in carrageenan-injected inflamed paw tissues. Significance These findings suggest that Esc-1GN might serve as a potential antioxidant agent with therapeutic potential in human neurodegenerative diseases.