La remergencia de la silicosis como enfermedad profesional en España, 1990-2019
2021
Background: The presence of new sources of
occupational exposure to crystalline silica has contributed
to an increased incidence of silicosis. Spain was
one of the first countries to identify new occupational
risk sectors such as quartz agglomerates. The objective
of this work was to describe the incidence of silicosis
in Spain between 1990 and 2019 and to determine the
main occupational sectors affected.
Methods: Data on occupational disease cases
were obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Inclusion,
Social Security and Migration. Disease rates were
computed by occupational sector, and analyses were
conducted of their time course and their geographical,
sex and age distributions.
Results: Data were available on 4,418 cases
(96.1% male). The mean annual number of cases was
1,223% higher between 2015 and 2019 than between
1990 and 1995. By occupational sector, 50% were
in “Fabrication of other mineral non-metallic products”,
18.5% in “Extraction of non-metallic nonenergetic
minerals”, 10.2% in “Construction”, 6.1%
in “Metallurgy”, 3.1% in “Coal mining” and 12% in
other sectors. Galicia registered the greatest number of
cases (32.9%), followed by Castile and Leon (14%),
Andalusia (10%) and the Basque Country (9.1%). The
greatest increase in its incidence was in coal mining,
possibly due to the dismantling of this sector and drastic
reduction in the workforce.
Conclusions: Our results suggest the importance
of the manufacturing, machining and installation of
quartz agglomerates in the re-emergence of silicosis
in Spain.
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