Evaluación de las estrategias de recuperación del trabajo: una mirada de su efectividad al interior de la residencia de cirugía

Introduction: During surgical training, residents invest great efforts to achieve optimal performance. However, as a result of the highest demands and poor resources at work, they experience varying degrees of burnout, stress and poor well-being. The recovery strategies to work represent a promising area of development to modify these negative results. Our goal is to synthesize the available evidence. Methods: Based on the theoretical framework of positive organizational psychology, in this narrative review we synthesized the evidence from original studies published between 2010-2019, regarding to four recovery strategies: 1) psychological detachment from work, 2) relaxation, 3) control of free time, and 4) search for challenges outside of work. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Most of the interventions are based on mindfulness as a relaxation strategy, but its effectiveness in reducing stress levels among surgery residents is poor. The literature is limited to conclude the effectiveness of the other groups of recovery strategies. Conclusion: Most strategies for work recovery in surgery residents are in an initial development. Its effectiveness is limited in reducing stress and professional burnout. These results offer opportunities for future research.