Simulating nonuniform lossy lines with frequency dependent parameters by the method of characteristics

A method of characteristics solution of a nonuniform transmission line having frequency-dependent per-unit-length parameters is formulated. The method, in general, requires the use of FFT to incorporate the frequency-dependent components of the distributed parameters in the time-domain equations. For skin-effect frequency-dependence, an analytical technique to avoid the use of FFT is presented. Also, a formula for estimating the discretization error is given. >