Smartphone-based nanodevices for in-field diagnosis

Abstract Smartphone-based sensors and nanodevices are a popular field for the development of real-time, in-field based diagnoses or applications. Newly launched smartphones have a number of built-in sensor units including accelerometers, wi-fi, high megapixel back and front cameras, Bluetooth, gyroscopes, light sensors, heart rate monitors, fingerprint sensors, touch screens, proximity sensors, pedometers, temperature sensors, microphones, and barometers. These ultra-smartphones are being used for real-time applications in our daily lives. This chapter summarizes the applications of popular smartphone-based nanodevices currently used in various biomedical fields and determination of different metal ions concentration. Smartphone nanodevices are mainly used to determine the presence of metal ions (lead, mercury), anions (chloride), biologically important compounds (cholesterol, albumin), viruses, bacteria, and even single cells. Smartphone detection methods such as colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical sensing, luminescence, and even smartphone-based microscopes have been used for the quantitative detection of different analytes. This chapter also discusses the basic working principle of all the aforementioned detection methods, how they are coupled with smartphones, and how they can be applied in biomedical fields.