Health technology assessment and economic evaluation: Is it applicable for the traditional medicine?

Abstract Gaps between limited health resources and expanding health service demands are emerging to be more and more prominent, which extremely generate the cost-effective strategies for scientific policy-making in the context of healthcare. As a systematic approach and solid tool to promote healthcare system more efficient and sustainable, health technology assessment (HTA) could provide multi-dimensional evidences comprising effectiveness, safety, economic implications, ethical, social, cultural and legal issues, in which economic evaluation is an important and unique part for optimizing decision-making. After decades of development, HTA has formulated a set of systematic theories, methods and procedures based on modern medicine. Meanwhile, as an important component of medicine system across the world, traditional medicine (TM) originates from knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different traditional cultures. Yet whether current theory and method system of HTA is applicable for TM is necessary to be explored and investigated. In principle, the general steps and methods of HTA could be basically applicable to TM, except for the PICO structuring, cost measurement, and supportive clinical evidence and information collection in economic evaluation. Therefore, these three challenging problems need to be focused and addressed in future HTA for TM.