A low-cost 2.45-GHz frequency synthesizer with open-loop modulation for WPAN applications

A low cost and low power frequency synthesizer Based on IEEE 802.15.4 specification using an optimized open-loop modulator is presented for Frequency Shift Keying modulation applications. The fully integrated synthesizer (0.166mm2) is implemented in a 0.28µm CMOS technology with 2.5V supply voltage. Measurements results of PLL lock time, open-loop frequency drift and demodulated signal are presented.