Vaccines Against Covid-19: A Panorama of Immunizers Developed in the World Scenario

The effects caused in the various segments of society due to the Covid-19 pandemic required measures to control the transmission of coronavirus, which involve individual and collective actions. Scientists in less than a year were able to develop the best alternative to contain or reduce the number of cases of this disease, vaccines. However, for this purpose, strict safety criteria were necessary. This study aims to present, through mapping, the vaccines developed in the world against Covid-19, highlighting the main vaccines used in the world, in addition to verifying the vaccines that are being used in Brazil. The methodology of this research is characterized as a quantitative exploratory study, which consists of a mapping of vaccines worldwide against Covid-19. The results presented show that the vaccines developed and those that are under development, registered since the first phase, are vaccines: genetic (19);protein-based vaccines (37);inactivated and attenuated coronavirus vaccines (16). Among these vaccines, 12 of them are the main vaccines in the world. As for efficacy, only EpiVacCorona has an unknown efficacy. However, in Brazil, for emergency use, Vaxzevria-AZD1222, CoronaVac and Comirnaty - BNT162b2 are being used, which have a significant percentage of effectiveness. It is concluded, in light of this study, that countries are entering into partnerships with companies, governments, universities and researchers for the development and testing of vaccines, with the aim of eliminating the pandemic. There are several vaccines whose effectiveness is proven, however, the pandemic will only be extinguished when the number of immunizers is compatible or close to the number of the world population. Os efeitos ocasionados nos variados segmentos da sociedade devido a pandemia da Covid-19 exigiram medidas para o controle da transmissao do coronavirus, as quais envolvem acoes individuais e coletivas. Os cientistas em menos de um ano conseguiram desenvolver a melhor alternativa para conter ou reduzir o numero de casos dessa doenca, as vacinas. No entanto, para este feito, foram necessarios rigorosos criterios de seguranca. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio de mapeamento, as vacinas desenvolvidas no mundo contra a Covid-19, destacando as principais vacinas utilizadas no mundo, alem de verificar as vacinas que estao sendo utilizadas no Brasil. A metodologia desta pesquisa e caracterizada como um estudo exploratorio quantitativo, o qual e constituido por um mapeamento das vacinas no âmbito mundial contra a Covid-19. Os resultados apresentados evidenciam que as vacinas desenvolvidas e as que estao em desenvolvimento, registradas desde a primeira fase, sao vacinas: geneticas (19);vacinas baseadas em proteinas (37);vacinas de coronavirus inativadas e atenuadas (16). Dentre essas vacinas, 12 delas sao as principais vacinas no mundo. Quanto a eficacia, apenas a EpiVacCorona apresenta eficacia desconhecida. Entretanto, no Brasil, para uso emergencial, estao sendo utilizadas a Vaxzevria-AZD1222, CoronaVac e Comirnaty - BNT162b2, as quais apresentam uma percentagem significante de eficacia. Conclui-se, diante deste estudo, que os paises estao realizando parcerias com empresas, governos, universidades e pesquisadores para o desenvolvimento e teste das vacinas, com o intuito de eliminar a pandemia. Existem varias vacinas cuja eficacia e comprovada, porem, a pandemia so sera extinta quando o quantitativo de imunizantes for compativel ou aproximado do quantitativo da populacao mundial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista FSA is the property of Revista FSA (Faculdade Santo Agostinho) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)