The nuisance midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of Singapore's Pandan and Bedok reservoirs

The two species of chironomid midges that are known to be involved in mass swarming on the shores of Singapore's Pandan and Bedok reservoirs are described or redescribed. All life stages are illustrated to allow identifi cation. Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse), the predominant nuisance midge of Pandan reservoir, is globally known as a coloniser of new and unstable aquatic habitats. Its biology and methods of control are understood. In contrast, Tanytarsus oscillans Johannsen is the predominant nuisance midge at Bedok reservoir. This species is restricted to Asia from India to southern Japan and its immature stages were unknown previously. Its nuisance status (restricted to Bedok Reservoir, Singapore) is of recent origin. Means of separating these species from similar chironomid species in the region are provided. We conclude with some observations on the chironomid fauna of standing waters in Singapore.