Visual Attention and Background Subtraction with Adaptive Weight for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection (AD) in hyperspectral target detection is of particular interest because no prior knowledge of ground object spectra is required. However, it is difficult to utilize the salient features of hyperspectral image (HSI) and mitigate the effects of noise in hyperspectral AD, which greatly limits the detection performance. Here, we report a strategy to implement hyperspectral AD by visual attention model and background subtraction with adaptive weight. Through band selection method, the most discriminating bands are selected as the input images for subsequent processing. Then, the hyperspectral visual attention model is introduced, for the first time, into hyperspectral AD for extracting the salient feature map of the input images. Furthermore, the background subtraction process that can reduce the background and noise in the salient feature map is developed via curvature filter. Using this operation, the initial anomaly area map is obtained. Finally, incorporating with the spectral information, an adaptive weight map is applied to the initial anomaly area map to further suppress the background. In the experiment, the proposed method is compared with seven other state-of-the-art methods on synthetic and real-world HSI. Most importantly, the results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and performs better than alternative methods. We believe that this method can open a new avenue of visual processing methods for hyperspectral AD.