The Effects of Different Exercise Training Programs on Cognitive Performance: A Stroop Test Study

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was attempted to investigate the differences between effects concerning two types of exercise training programs relating to multiple cognitive functions. Methods: Twenty-six healthy community dwelling elders (age=64.42 years, SD=4.92 years) were assigned into either a multi-functional exercise fitness group (i.e., exercise involving muscle strength, coordination, balance, agility and flexibility) or a dancing group (i.e., Folkdance). Two exercise programs were involved in these specific exercise contexts, twice weekly, for three months, whereby Stroop Tests, featuring color, neutral, and incongruent conditions, were employed to assess multiple aspects of cognition. Results: There were significant time effects for both the exercise training group, with shorter reaction times following the exercise intervention, regardless of the three Stroop Test conditions. Conclusion: These findings implied that short length exercise programs, regardless of the exercise modes, enhanced multiple aspects of cognitive functions. Moreover, it is possible that the exercise involved coordinative features that would lead to beneficial cognitive effects.