Modulation of N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine-induced rat oesophageal tumourigenesis by dietary feeding of diosmin and hesperidin, both alone and in combination

The modifying effects of flavonoids diosmin and hesperidin supplementation, individually or in combination, is effective during the initiation and post-initiation phases of oesopha- in inhibiting the development of oesophageal cancer geal carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N-amylnitros- induced by MNAN when given during the initiation phase, amine (MNAN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. At and such inhibition might be related to suppression of 7 weeks of age, all animals except those treated each test increased cell proliferation caused by MNAN in the oesochemical alone and control groups were given weekly phageal mucosa. intraperitoneal injections of MNAN (12.5 mg/kg body weight/injection) for 12 weeks to induce oesophageal neoplasms. For examining the modifying effects of ‘initiation’