Diversidad de microalgas y cianobacterias en muestras provenientes de diferentes provincias del Ecuador, destinadas a una colección de cultivos

espanolEl presente trabajo conforma un estudio sobre diversidad, identificacion y aislamiento de microalgas y cianobacterias a partir de muestras de aguas continentales, termales, salobres y lodos; colectadas en 74 sitios de 25 sectores de las provincias del Carchi, Guayas, Imbabura, Pichincha y Santa Elena (Ecuador), entre octubre 2011 y abril 2012, con la finalidad de poder determinar en dichas muestras, su diversidad inicial, sucesion de estos microorganismos y la estabilidad de los consorcios entre microalgas y cianobacterias durante la fase de seleccion de muestras y de aislamiento para el establecimiento de una coleccion in vitro de cultivos de microorganismos fotosinteticos para la Escuela de Bioanalisis de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. De 194 muestras evaluadas, fueron aislados el 43.81 % de microalgas y cianobacterias; donde los taxones mas susceptibles de ser aislados son: Chlorella, Desmodesmus y Leptolyngbya. En cambio, se mantuvo el 56.19 % como consorcios o cultivos mixtos de microalgas y cianobacterias. De estos, se cuantificaron 14 cultivos solo con cianobacterias; 40 solo entre microalgas y 55 mixtos (31 y 18, taxa de microalgas y cianobacterias; respectivamente). Los tax mas frecuentes en los consorcios microalga-microalga fueron: Chlorella sp.>Desmodesmus sp. >Navicula sp.; en los cianobacteria-cianobacteria: Leptolyngbya sp.> Calothrix sp.> Nostoc sp. y en los microalga-cianobacteria: Leptolyngbya sp.>Navicula sp.> Chlorella sp.> Desmodesmus sp.> Calothrix sp. Las muestras obtenidas en la laguna “El Salado”, San Gabriel, Carchi presentaron la mayor diversidad. Mientras que, las colectadas en “Aguas Hediondas”, Tufino, Carchi mostraron exclusividad de Dictyosphaerium sp., Microspora sp., y Mougeotia sp. La cianobacteria Leptolyngbya sp., refleja ser altamente competitiva en cultivos envejecidos y deficientes en nutrientes. Se recomienda ingresar todos los consorcios a las colecciones, dada su importancia como fuentes de biodiversidad y para estudios de fisioecologia, biotecnologia ambiental y agricola. EnglishWe conducted a study on diversity, identification and isolation of microalgae and cyanobacteria from inland waters, springs, brackish water and slurries collected at 74 sites in five province: Carchi, Guayas, Imbabura, Pichincha and Santa Elena (Ecuador), between October 2011 and April 2012. The samples were characterized by initial diversity, succession of these microorganisms, and the stability of microalgae and cyanobacteria consortia during the sample selection and isolation process. These isolates were used for the establishment of a collection of in vitro cultures of photosynthetic microorganisms for the School of Bioanalysis of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. From the 194 samples tested, 43.81% of the isolates were single species of microalgae and cyanobacteria. The taxa more likely to be isolated were the genera, Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Leptolyngbya. In contrast, 56.19 % of the isolates remained as consortia or mixed cultures of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Of these, 14 cultures were only cyanobacteria, 40 were microalgae and 55 were mixed cultures (31 and 18 taxa of microalgae and cyanobacteria, respectively). The most common genera of microalgae in the microalgae consortia were, Chlorella sp. > Scenedesmus sp. > Navicula sp. The most common genera in the cyanobacteria consortia were Leptolyngbya sp. > Calothrix sp. > Nostoc sp. The most common genera in the microalgaecyanobacteria consortia were Leptolyngbya sp. > Navicula sp. > Chlorella sp. > Scenedesmus sp. > Calothrix sp. The samples from Laguna “El Salado”, San Gabriel, Carchi had the highest diversity. While, those collected in Aguas Hediondas Tufino, Carchi contained only Dictyosphaerium sp., Microspora sp. and Mougeotia sp. The cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. was highly competitive and characterized aged cultures and nutrient deficiencies. It is recommended that all consortia be entered into culture collections because of their importance as sources of biodiversity. These consortia can also be important in physiological, ecology and environmental studies and development of techniques for agricultural biotechnology.