Biologia y perspectiva de microorganismos endófitos asociados a plantas

The endophyte bacteria inhabit plant tissues mainly in intercellular spaces, rarely in intracellular spaces and inside vascular tissues without causing symptoms of disease in plants. Debates on the origin of the endophyte bacteria and the form of penetration, besides the colonization mechanisms, consider the hypothesis that they were originated from seeds, microflora rizosphere of“phylloplane” or material used for plant propagation. The penetration in the plant might take place by stomas, wounds, emergence areas in lateral roots, allowing these bacteria to produce hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the vegetables cell wall. Recent molecular studies on the diversity of endophyte bacteria have revealed a high affluence of phylotypes promoting the plant growth, suppressing phytopathogens, helping to remove contaminants, dissolving phosphate and contributing to the biological nitrogen assimilation. The objective of this review is to show the evolution, ecology, diversity, function and physiological and molecular techniques for the isolation of endophyte bacteria associated with plant tissues