The interactive effect of environmental carcinogens namely Cd and Ni on rat DNA

Humans are chronically exposed to differing doses of complex chemical mixtures from their environment. This exposure has become so severe that it increases with every technological innovation and, unfortunately, reflects itself in the high incidence of cancer. Cd2+ and Ni2+ are widely found metals in our environment and they have been classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [1–2]. Exposure to them could be occupational or non-occupational via inhalation (major route), ingestion, dermal or oral ways. In those not occupationally exposed, food represents the most important source, with tobacco an additional important source in smokers [3–5].