Integrated mathematical models for describing complex biological processes

This review describes integrated mathematical models of processes, such as calcium homeostasis, pathogen–host interaction (with hepatitis C virus as a pathogen), and the response of the human brain to a stimulating event. It is shown that integrated mathematical models provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms and conditions that lead to the development of diseases of different natures (musculoskeletal disorders, viral infections, and various impairments in brain function) and aid identification of the key targets and conditions for a directed effect of new generation drugs, as well as the interpretation of the results of state-of-theart CT imaging.