Effect of the ratio of wheat flour and cassava and process parameters on the pellet qualities in low starch feed recipe extrusion

Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of the ratio of wheat flour and cassava and extrusion process parameters on the physical qualities of low-starch content floating feed in a pilot extrusion plant in order to transfer the production characteristics to scale manufacture. The results show that with an increase of cassava content in formulations, the feed pellet bulk density decreases. When the cassava content is ≥ 54.3 g/kg (wt), the floatability of feed pellet reaches 100%. The feed pellet hardness depends significantly on the starch sources (P