Biomarkers of Vector Bites: Arthropod Immunogenic Salivary Proteins in Vector-Borne Diseases Control

Vector control is one of the most valuable strategies to fight the expanding distribution of arthropod-borne diseases (ABDs). However, its implementation and monitoring are time consuming and labor intensive that may impede regular entomological survey in the field. To increase the impact of vector control strategies in fighting ABDs, the current entomological methods should be improved by new complementary tools. The exploration of the close interactions between the human host and the vector through the antigenic salivary proteins of hematophagous arthropods has lead to the development of new salivary biomarkers (SBs). This chapter focuses on the methodologies used to develop the SB of vector bites. The relevancy of these immunological biomarkers in assessing the human exposure to vector bites and their capacity to evaluate the efficacy of vector control strategies as well as the risk of pathogen transmission are also discussed. List of Abbreviations Ab Antibody ABDs Arthropod-Borne Diseases ADP Adenosine Diphosphate Ae. Aedes An. Anopheles gSG6 Anopheles gambiae Salivary Protein Ig Immunoglobulin ITN Insecticide-Treated Net kDa Kilodalton Lu. Lutzomyia P. Phlebotomus SB Salivary Biomarker SGEs Salivary Gland Extracts Th T Helper VCP Vector Control Program 1178 S. Doucoure et al.