Synthesis and application of coagulant derived from Durio zibethinus for emerging contaminants removal from landfill leachate

As an alternative of coagulant based aluminium (Al) in landfill leachate treatment, starch-based coagulants have been synthesised from Durio zibethinus seed starch (DSS) and studied for its potential as a natural coagulant and coagulant aid in the presence of PACl to remove organic matter and heavy metal using coagulation and flocculation process. Leachate sample was sampled from Larut Matang landfill, Perak, Malaysia. The optimum DSS dosage was 360 g/L at pH 9. The addition of DSS as a coagulant aid improved the removal rate of colour, turbidity and zinc. However, the addition of DSS as a coagulant aid increased the concentration of manganese by 15%. It was assumed that PACl was more superior than DSS for the removal of turbidity, colour, COD and iron removal. In conclusion, DSS has the potential to be a coagulant aid in coagulation and flocculation based on their removal efficiency values.