Caracterización clínica, epidemiológica y terapéutica de los pacientes con fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo en un hospital de Cuba

Caracterizar desde los puntos de vista epidemiol¢gico, clinico y de respuesta terap‚utica a los pacientes con fotoenvejecimiento cut neo (FEC). Pacientes y m‚todo. Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, ambispectivo, en 109 pacientes con FEC del servicio de Dermatologia del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras (La Habana, Cuba) en el periodo 2009-2014. Se determinaron edad, sexo, fototipo de piel, estado civil, grado de escolaridad, ocupaci¢n, h bitos t¢xicos, enfermedades concomitantes y caracteristicas clinicas de las lesiones. Se describieron los tratamientos recibidos y la respuesta a los mismos. Resultados. Se presentaron con mayor frecuencia pacientes mayores de 40 a¤os del sexo femenino, fototipos de piel II y III, de grado escolar preuniversitario, con h bitos de fumar e ingesti¢n de caf‚ y alcohol. Las lesiones predominantes fueron las arrugas finas y gruesas, lentigos actinicos, sequedad, aspereza; localizadas preferentemente en las mejillas, nariz y frente; asociadas a prolongado tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad, gran rea de afectaci¢n, elevado n£mero y tama¤o de las lesiones. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron peeling con cido salicilico al 30% (AS-30%), peeling con cido tricloroac‚tico al 25% (ATA-25%), criocirugia y radiocirugia. Las lesiones que no respondieron de forma total a los peeling con AS-30% o con ATA-25% se resolvieron con criocirugia. Conclusi¢n. Predominaron los pacientes de mayor edad, del sexo femenino, con fototipos II y III; con arrugas finas, gruesas y lentigos actinicos. La eficacia terap‚utica fue total o parcial en las modalidades de tratamiento utilizadas, y la criocirugia fue una alternativa a los peeling con AS-30% o con ATA-25%. Objective. The aim was to obtain the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with skin photoaiging and to know the received treatment and their therapeutic efficacy. Patients and method. We perfored a descriptive, ambispective astudy in 109 with skin photoaiging, attended in the dermatology departament of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital between 2009 and December 2014. We determined different epidemiological variables, such as: age, sex skin phototype, civil state, schooling, occupation, toxic habits; the clinical characteristics of the lesions; and were evaluated the received treatments and their response. Results. The most frequents epidemiological characteristics of patients were femenine, older than 40 years old, married, workers, with II and III skin phototype. The most frequents clinical were: very large evolution's time of the illness associated to big affected area and high number and size of the lesions (fine and thick wrinkles, solar lentigo, dryness, asperity, flabbiness, freckle and telangiectasia), localized in cheek, noise and in the forehead. The received treatments were: peeling with 30% salicylic acid (SA-30%), peeling with 25% trchloroacetic acid (TCA-25%), cryosurgery and radiosurgery. Total or partial responses were found in all treatments applied. The skin lesions with partial responses to treatments with peeling with SA-30% or peeling with TCA-25% had better successwith cryosurgery. Conclusions. To predominate women older than 40 years old, with low skin prototype type and many lesions like fine and thinck wrinkles and solar lentigo. Total or partial responses were found in all treatments applied and the cryosurgery is on of the alternatives to treatment with peeling with SA-30% or with TCA-25%.