Reduced-RiskPestManagementPrograms forEasternU.S.AppleandPeachOrchards: A4-YearRegionalProject

Studies were conducted from 2002 to 2005 to determine the effectiveness of reduced-risk (RR) tactics for managing key pestsin�50�commercialappleorchards�(114�ha)�inMichigan,�NorthCarolina,�NewYork,�Pennsylvania,�Virginia,�andWestVirginia;� and�20�peachorchards�(190�ha)�inMichigan,�NewJersey,�Pennsylvania,�andWestVirginia.�Ateachapplesite,�ablockofupto�5� hareceivedaseasonalprogramofselectiveRRandorganophosphate-replacementinsecticides,�withorwithoutpheromones� formatingdisruptionofkeylepidopteranpestsofapple�(codlingmoth,�orientalfruitmoth,�andobliquebandedleafroller)�and� peach�(orientalfruitmoth,�lesserpeachtreeborer,�andpeachtreeborer).�Acomparisonblockateachsitewiththesamevariet- iesandtreetrainingwasmanagedusingeachgrower'sstandardprogramofconventionalinsecticides�(STD).�Pheromonetraps� forlepidopteranspecieswerehunginallplotsandmonitoredweekly.�Foliarsamplesweretakenduringtheseasontoestimate� phytophagousandpredatormitedensities.�Redspheretrapsbaitedwithfruitvolatileswereusedtomonitorapplemaggotadults� inappleorchards.�Fruitswereinspectedforinsectdamageatharvest,�andgradedaccordingtoUSDAstandards.�Partialbudget� analysis was used to assess the net profitability of RR programs to produce apples and peaches for their intended market in