Criblage et caractéristiques de germination des semences de Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiacée) en milieu expérimental au Niger

Cette etude a ete conduite a la Faculte d’Agronomie de Niamey au Niger. Elle vise, a travers la mesure des parametres biometriques et ponderal, a selectionner des semences de Jatropha curcas presentant de bonnes aptitudes a la germination. La longueur, la largeur et le poids moyens des fruits sont respectivement de 2,55 cm ± 10% ; 1,90 cm ± 13,2% et 1,83 g ± 45,36%. Le poids d’un fruit est fortement correle a sa longueur et a sa largeur (r =.0,83 et 0,82). La classification des fruits montre que 19,94% sont petits, 62,88% moyens et seulement 17,17% de gros fruits. La largeur, l’epaisseur et la longueur moyennes des graines sont respectivement de 1,10 cm ± 5,5% ; 0,84 cm ± 7,14% et 1,77 cm ± 5,65%. La moyenne du poids d’une graine etant de 0,498 g ± 38,15%. Selon le poids, 20,53% des graines sont petites ; 60% sont moyennes et 19,47% sont grosses. Les caracteristiques de germination au laboratoire et celles de la levee en pepiniere sont meilleures pour les grosses graines par rapport aux graines moyennes et petites. Cette etude a permis de distinguer les semences de Jatropha curcas qui offrent les meilleures aptitudes de germination et de levee. Mais, avant toute diffusion, il est necessaire de poursuivre cette investigation afin d’apprecier la repercussion des differences observees sur tout le cycle de developpement de la plante. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Biocarburant, effet de serre, systeme agraire, agroforesterie, sequestration carbone, haie vive English Title: Screening and seed germination characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) in experimental condition in Niger English Abstract This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, UAM Niamey, Niger. It focuses on measuring the biometric parameters and weight, to select Jatropha curcas seeds with good germination capabilities. Length, wide and weight averages of fruits are respectively 2.55 cm ± 10% ; 1.90 cm ± 13.2% and 1.83 g ± 45.36%. The weight of a fruit is highly correlated to its length and wide (r = 0.83 and 0.82). Classifications shows 19.94% of fruits are small, 62.88% are medium and only 17.17% are thick. Wide, thickness and length averages of seeds were respectively 1.10 cm ± 5.5% ; 0.84 cm ± 7.14% and 1.77 cm ± 5.65%. The weight average of seed was 0.498 g ± 38.15%. Accordingly, the weights (20.53%) of seeds were small, 60% were medium and 19.47% were thick. The laboratory assey on germination characteristics and those of the lifting nursery were best for larger seeds compared to medium and small seeds. Thus, this study helped to distinguish Jatropha curcas seeds with best capabilities of germination and emergence. But before distribution, it is necessary to go on with the investigation in order to assess the impact of differences throughout the plant life cycle. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Biofuel, greenhouse effect, agrarian system, agroforestry, carbon sequestration, hedge bright