Inheritance mode and metabolic mechanism of sulfoximine insecticide, sulfoxaflor in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa).

BACKGROUND Dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is a key insect pest of cotton. It causes huge losses to cotton and many other economically important crops. Sulfoxaflor is a newly introduced systemic insecticide that is effective against many sap-feeding insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies and true bugs. The present study was designed to characterize the inheritance of sulfoxaflor resistance in DCB. Moreover, the role of synergists in reducing sulfoxaflor resistance in DCB was also assessed. RESULTS A field population of DCB has developed 1132.0-fold resistance to sulfoxaflor after 11 selected generations in the laboratory. Nonsignificant difference of reciprocal crosses was observed depending on the LC50 (median lethal concentration) values (95% confidence intervals overlapped), suggesting an autosomal mode of sulfoxaflor resistance inheritance. The degree of dominance of 0.7 for F1 (Sulfo-Sel Pop ♀ × Lab-Pop♂) and 0.6 for F1 '(Sulfo-Sel Pop ♂ × Lab-Pop♀), respectively, suggested that sulfoxaflor resistance was incompletely dominant. According to the monogenic model, the number of genes involved to induce sulfoxaflor resistance revealed that sulfoxaflor resistance was polygenic in nature. The realized heritability (h2 ) value for sulfoxaflor resistance was 0.2. The synergists experiment indicated that esterases were involved in the sulfoxaflor resistance mechanism in DCB. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that there is autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic inheritance of sulfoxaflor resistance in DCB. Our results would be helpful in delaying sulfoxaflor resistance against DCB in the field.