Design and Application of the Measuring System of Ice Sheet Profile Based on Thermal Conductivity Difference of Medium

An automatic ice thickness measurement system was designed based on the temperature and thermal conductivity of air, ice and water. By studying the resistance temperature relationship of different types of platinum resistors, the platinum resistor (HM222) was selected with better performance, and a sensor was designed suitable for the temperature detection of the ice sheet profile. After calibration of platinum resistors, the accuracy of temperature measurement at 0.1°C was ensured within the range of −50°C to +20°C. The ice sheet was heated briefly by periodic self-heating units, and the interface was accurately judged according to the temperature rise difference caused by heating. Ultrasonic sensors were used to identify the ice sheet surface. In order to evaluate the performance of the system, an in-situ observation experiment was conducted in early January 2020 at the station of Yellow River’s Toudaoguai hydrological.