An algorithm for state of charge estimation based on a single-particle model

Abstract Compared with the equivalent circuit models or other empirical models, a physics-based model has advantages of accurate and elaborate, and thus becomes a potential candidate used to estimate states of Li-ion batteries in a battery management systems (BMS). The traditional pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model couples a large number of nonlinear partial differential equations, leading to the model too complicated to be employed in actual application. The simplified single-particle (SP) model has a trend for the real usage, however, its accuracy needs to be improved, since it meets the demand only under the condition of a low charge/discharge rate. To overcome the drawbacks of the SP model, the extended single-particle model (ESP) with higher accuracy is proposed in this study. We also propose a new state of charge (SOC) closed-loop estimation algorithm based on the combination of ESP model and the ampere-hour integration. Results show that the ESP model can effectively simulate the performance of the battery, and the closed-loop SOC estimation algorithm can correct the initial SOC error without increasing the computational complexity. The mean error of the closed-loop SOC estimation based on ESP is reduced by about 95% and 92.5% than ampere-hour integration under 1 C discharge and FUDS discharge, respectively.