Comparative studies of the scanning tunneling spectra in cuprate and iron-arsenide superconductors

We report scanning tunneling spectroscopic studies of cuprate and iron-arsenic superconductors, including YBa_2Cu_3O_(7−δ)(Y-123, T_c = 93 K), Sr_(0.9)La_(0.1)CuO_2 (La-112, T_c = 43 K), and the “122” compounds Ba(Fe_(1−x)Co_x)_2As_2 (Co-122 with x = 0.06, 0.08, 0.12 for T_c = 14, 24, 20 K). In zero field (H = 0), spatially homogeneous coherence peaks at energies ω = ± Δ_(SC) flanked by spectral “shoulders” at ± Δ_(eff) are found in hole-type Y-123. In contrast, only a pair of spatially homogeneous peaks is seen in electron-type La-112 at ± Δ_(eff). For H > 0, pseudogap (Δ_(PG)) features are revealed inside the vortices, with Δ_(PG) = [(Δ_(eff)_2-(Δ_(SC))^2]^(1/2) > Δ_(SC) in Y-123 and Δ_(PG) < Δ_(SC) in La-112, suggesting that the physical origin of Δ_(PG) is a competing order coexisting with superconductivity. Additionally, Fourier transformation (FT) of the Y-123 spectra exhibits two types of spectral peaks, one type is associated with ω-dependent quasiparticle interference (QPI) wave-vectors and the other consists of ω-independent wave-vectors due to competing orders and (π,π) magnetic resonances. For the multi-band Co-122 compounds, two gap superconductivity is found for all doping levels. Magnetic resonant modes that follow the temperature dependence of the superconducting gaps are also identified. These findings, together with the ω- and x-dependent QPI spectra, are consistent with a sign-changing s-wave pairing symmetry in the Co-122 iron arsenides. Our comparative studies suggest that the commonalities among the cuprate and the ferrous superconductors include the proximity to competing orders, antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin fluctuations and magnetic resonances in the superconducting (SC) state, and the unconventional pairing symmetries with sign-changing order parameters on different parts of the Fermi surface.