An overview on swine influenza viruses

Swine influenza viruses(SIVs) are respiratory pathogens of pigs.They cause both economic burden in livestock-dependent industries and serious global public health concerns in humans.Because of their dual susceptibility to human and avian influenza viruses,pigs are recognized as intermediate hosts for genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission.Subtypes H1N1,H1N2,and H3N2 circulate in swine populations around the world,with varied origin and genetic characteristics among different continents and regions.In this review,the role of pigs in evolution of influenza A viruses,the genetic evolution of SIVs and interspecies transmission of SIVs are described.Considering the possibility that pigs might produce novel influenza viruses causing more outbreaks and pandemics,routine epidemiological surveillance of influenza viruses in pig populations is highly recommended.