Predicted prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) by periodontitis status and HPV vaccination status

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among adults based on HPV vaccination status and periodontitis status. METHODS: Data from 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 822) were retrieved in order to predict the prevalence of oral HPV in 24 separate demographic groups (age by sex by race) based on the following characteristics: HPV vaccination status and periodontitis status. A multiple logistic regression model, controlling for gender, age, race, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, and sexual partners, was calculated in order to generate prevalence estimates. RESULTS: Median predicted oral HPV prevalence rates per 1,000 in 2011-2012 were highest among nonvaccinated individuals with periodontitis [median ( x ) = 31.62, interquartile range (IQR) = 102.97], followed by nonvaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x = 24.63, IQR = 81.84), vaccinated individuals with periodontitis ( x = 18.40, IQR = 62.27), and vaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x = 14.29, IQR = 48.96). Median predicted oral HPV prevalence rates per 1,000 in 2013-2014 were highest among nonvaccinated individuals with periodontitis ( x = 9.50, IQR = 33.02), followed by nonvaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x = 7.37, IQR = 25.76), vaccinated individuals with periodontitis ( x = 5.48, IQR = 19.27), and vaccinated individuals without periodontitis ( x = 4.25, IQR = 14.98). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that integrate primary care and dental care are needed, given increased risk for oral HPV among unvaccinated individuals with periodontitis.